By Charlotte Webster-
London has been named among the top 10 worst cities in the UK for air pollution.
Research from the indoor air quality experts HouseFresh revealed that the air quality levels in London were the equivalent of indirectly smoking 154 cigarettes a year, ranking London fourth on the UK list, with only Northampton, Nottingham and Bristol being worse.
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A recent study, teens in London who are exposed to air pollution over an extended period of led by scientists from King’s College London revealed that teenagers exposed to pollution are more vulnerable to high blood pressure than those who are not exposed to pollution.
It also showed a stronger association in girls, caused by tiny air-pollution particles. The researchers theorised this could be because the boys studied were more physically active and had greater lung capacity.
Researchers examined information from more than 3,000 teenagers.
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Additionally, they discovered that exposure to high concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), a pollutant from diesel vehicles, was linked to a reduction in blood pressure. Pollutants from diesel transportation include NO2.
London has reported illegal levels of air pollution since 2010 and it contributed to around 6,000 excess deaths in the capital in 2019, according to new research.
In order to determine the number of cigarettes people around the world are indirectly smoking due to poor air quality, HouseFresh reviewed data on average PM2.5 concentrations in cities worldwide from AQICN.org.
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less, and due to its minute size can get into the lungs and bloodstream.
They then converted it to the equivalent number of cigarettes passively smoked per year in terms of negative health effects using a formula from Berkeley Earth.
On their website, they said: “Berkeley’s Earth describes a rule-of-thumb that compares exposure to PM2.5 particles to cigarettes smoked: one cigarette per day is the rough equivalent of a PM2.5 level of 22 µg/m3.
“We took the average daily median AQI PM2.5 during 2022 as the average AQI PM2.5 in the city. We converted that value to cigarettes as per Berkeley’s Earth rule-of-thumb and multiplied the result by 365 to obtain how many cigarettes you’ve indirectly smoked during a year.”
Top 10 worst UK cities for air pollution
1. Northampton – equivalent to indirectly smoking 189 cigarettes a year
2. Nottingham – 181 cigarettes
3. Bristol – 163 cigarettes
4. Southampton – 162 cigarettes
5. Kingston-upon-Hull – 161 cigarettes
6. Cardiff – 160 cigarettes
7. Southend – 157 cigarettes
7. Norwich – 157 cigarettes
8. Leeds – 155 cigarettes
9. London – 154 ciagarettes
10. Stoke – 149 cigarettes
HouseFresh said that in general, the highest concentrations of toxic particulate matter are located in the southeast part of England, while the lowest are in northern England and Scotland
.John Cole of HouseFresh said: “We took the average daily median AQI PM2.5 during 2022 as the average AQI PM2.5 in the city.
“We converted that value to cigarettes as per Berkeley’s Earth rule-of-thumb and multiplied the result by 365 to obtain how many cigarettes you’ve indirectly smoked during a year.”
PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 micrometres or less, and due to its minute size can get into the lungs and bloodstream.
By these metrics, Southend placed joint seventh with Norwich on the list with an equivalent of smoking 157 cigarettes in a day.
Other locations in north and mid Essex showed poor air pollution levels with Clacton and Manningtree having the same figures as Colchester at 133 cigarettes a year.
Walton and Frinton fared better with 100 cigarettes a year, however these numbers would still make the towns among the 25 worst in the UK.
Mid Essex towns Braintree and Maldon were both at 116 cigarettes a year.
HouseFresh said that in general, the highest concentrations of toxic particulate matter are located in the southeast part of England, while the lowest are in northern England and Scotland.
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