By Lucy Caulkett-
A landmark ruling has been made in relation to the entitlements for unmarried couples’ entitlement to bereavement benefits. Family lawyers have hailed the judgement as a step in the right direction for cohabitation rights. However, parliament has been urged to clarify unmarried couples’ rights when one partner dies to avoid people ‘sleepwalking’ into legal difficulties.
The groundbreaking decision came after a judge ruled in favour of unmarried couples being able to claim for social security Contributions and Benefits. The case legally dissected previous legal thinking that forbade widowed parents from being able to succeed in a claim in the event of partner becoming deceased. The landmark ruling came in the case of Siobhan McLaughlin for Judicial Review (Northern Ireland), in which Supreme Court justices ruled by a 4-1 majority that section 39A of the Social Security Contributions and Benefits (Northern Ireland) 1992 Act – a widowed parent can claim Widowed Parent’s Allowance only if he or she was married to or the civil partner of the deceased – is incompatible with Article 14 European Convention on Human Rights.
The hard fought case was heard in April, but the final judgement was only delivered yesterday, Thursday, in a decision that may see other unmarried couples recently denied judgements in similar cases appeal their case.
Widowed parent’s allowance is a contributory social security benefit payable to men and women who are widowed with dependent children. It is non-means tested, and is particularly valuable to parents who are in work. The legal issue presented to the courts related to the element of discrimination against the unmarried survivor. Ms McLaughlin’s claims for both bereavement payment and widowed
parent’s allowance had been refused by the Northern Ireland Department for Communities.
Her triumphant ruling came following an application for judicial review of that decision on the ground that the
relevant legislation was incompatible with the ECHR.
Commenting on the ruling, Simon Burge, a partner in Blake Morgan’s family law team in Southampton, says the court justified its decision by distinguishing between widowed parents on the one hand and other bereaved claimants on the other.
Burge said: ‘The logic behind the ruling is that the benefit should be payable in circumstances where there is a dependent child or children and it doesn’t – or shouldn’t – matter whether the parents were married or in a civil partnership or not. In addition, the decision of the Supreme Court only applies to the old Widowed Parent’s Allowance which has now been phased out.
‘It remains to be seen how the ruling will affect the way in which people claiming the new Bereavement Support Payments are treated in future because these payments can be claimed not just by parents but by anyone whose spouse or civil partner paid National Insurance contributions for at least 25 weeks or who died because of an accident at work or a disease caused by work.’
With cohabiting couples the fastest growing type of family in the UK, Jo Edwards, head of family at London firm Forsters, warns that many ‘sleepwalk into difficulties, unaware of their lack of rights as an unmarried couple until it is too late’.
Edwards said: ‘State benefits are available to cohabiting couples during their lifetime; there is no good reason why they shouldn’t be afforded the same treatment on death, which is what the House of Commons work and pensions committee recommended two years ago. It is to be hoped that other instances of different treatment of unmarried couples on death – lack of intestacy rights, inheritance tax treatment and the like – will also be addressed in the longer term, to reflect how couples order their relationships in modern society.’
Family law group Resolution have previously campaigned for the law to be reformed to fairly address cohabitants’ needs when a partner dies. Margaret Heathcote, Resolution chair, says an unmarried couple’s legal rights when a relationship ends or one partner dies ‘are complex and widely misunderstood’. Clearer understanding will now be incorporated in legal reforms aimed at addressing what ha sbeen a void and serious error in the legal system covering this area. Scotland instituted statutory rights to cohabiting couples in 2006 and, the following year, the Law Commission recommended reforms that would legally recognise cohabitees’ relationship status in England and Wales.